Dimensi Ekoteologi Pertanian Kopi di Desa Pakis: Sinergi Zakat, Dana PNBP, dan Etika Lingkungan

Abstract

Socio-agrarian studies often disconnect fiqh principles, agricultural zakat practices, and environmental governance. However, empirical practices in Pakis Village, Jember, reveal a dynamic interplay among the three. This study aims to analyze the ecotheological dimensions of coffee farming integrated through agrarian contracts, agricultural zakat, and public fund allocations. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 14 key informants—comprising coffee farmers, management of the Rengganis Forest Farmer Group, and religious leaders—as well as participatory observation and document analysis, followed by a deductive analysis grounded in Islamic law and ecotheology. The findings demonstrate the dominance of the mukhabarah contract as a form of rationalized agrarian production relations based on profit-sharing in social forestry management. The execution of zakat indicates legal pluralism, wherein farmers dualistically construct coffee commodities through either an output-based fiqh al-zira'ah approach (5% or 10% rate) or a capital-based fiqh al-tijarah perspective (2.5% rate). This study reveals that integrating zakat obligations with public redistribution via a 3% Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) allocation represents an ecotheological reconceptualization that transforms individual ritual duties into an inclusive and sustainable environmental ethic. Ultimately, the convergence between sacred-religious norms and local ecological governance instruments serves as a primary pillar for bolstering the socio-ecological resilience of rural communities.